Correlation between Ground Level Ultra-Violet Radiation & Lower Atmospheric Aerosol Load

UV radiation is known to affect many biological and chemical processes, and is largely detrimental to individual organisms. Specific concerns include increase in the incidence of skin cancer, ocular damage, and other health effects in humans and other animals; damage to terrestrial and oceanic vegetation; changes in the chemistry of the lower atmosphere e.g. photochemical smog formation. Present study was undertaken to monitor lower atmospheric aerosol load with Respirable Dust Sampler and ultraviolet radiation with UV-radiometer in the ambient environment of Delhi. PM10 (< 10 µm) and SPM (> 10 µm) samples collected for the period of the study (8 weeks, 2 samples per week, total 16 samples). Hourly UV Fluxes (UV-B & UV-A) were measured from four hours ahead to four hours following the solar noon (LAT 12:00hrs), alongside aerosol sampling twice in a week. Our study shows, lower-atmospheric load of finer particles (PM10) significantly cut-off both UV-A and UV-B fluxes reaching the earth surface. PM10 load shows a satisfactory negative correlation with UV-A and UV-B fluxes at ground level

Fungal biosorption of the heavy metals chromium(VI) and nickel from industrial effluent-contaminated soil

Heavy metals are ubiquitous contaminants that have accompanied man since the earliest ancient times, and unlike other environmental pollutants, they are chemical elements that man does not create or destroy. In the present study, the aim was to determine the biosorption potential of heavy metal-tolerant fungi that were isolated from compost soil samples contaminated by industrial effluents. The isolation was performed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media supplemented with heavy metals. Chromium-Cr(VI) and nickel-Ni. The most dominant fungal species were found to be Penicillium spp. This fungus was screened for its ability to tolerate heavy metals by the plate diffusion and broth method and was highly tolerant to fungal species. The fungi were assessed for their ability to remove heavy metals from the culture media, and the culture conditions for the fungus were experimentally optimized. The isolated Penicillium species was found to show maximum growth at 35°C with media pH 6 for an incubation period of 168 hours. The isolate was able to tolerate 60-70 ppm concentrations of heavy metals under normal conditions. The ability of the isolate to take up metal was very effective, as after 96 hrs of incubation, it was capable of removing approximately 93.8% of Cr(VI) and 95.6% of Ni from the culture media, and complete uptake was observed after a 144 hr incubation period. The molecular characterization revealed the only isolate to be Penicillium rubens (Accession no. LC536286). The morphological characteristics of this fungus make it capable of biosorption of heavy metals, imparting its bioremediation potential and economic importance.

A review article on ovarian cystectomy in endometriomas by laparoscopy

Endometrioma is one of the most frequent adnexal masses in the reproductive population. Medical therapy is inefficient and cannot be recommended in the management of ovarian endometriomas. The general consensus is that ovarian endometriomas larger than 4 cm should be removed, both to reduce pain and to improve spontaneous conception rates. The removal of ovarian endometriomas can be difficult, as the capsule is often densely adherent. While the surgical treatment of choice is surgical laparoscopy, for conservative treatment, the preferred method is modified combined cystectomy. Cystectomy can be destructive for the ovary, whereas ablation may be incomplete, with a greater risk of recurrence

Prevention of adhesion in laparoscopic gynaecological surgery

Adhesions have important consequences for patients, surgeons, and health services. Peritoneal tissue injury can be prevented by using careful surgical techniques. A large number of anti-adhesion products have been used experimentally and clinically to prevent postoperative adhesions. The current author reviewed the surgical literature published about epidemiology, pathogenesis, and various prevention strategies of adhesion formation. Several preventive agents against postoperative peritoneal adhesions have been investigated. Bioresorbable membranes are site-specific anti adhesion products but may be more difficult to use laparoscopically. Liquids and gels have the advantage of more-widespread areas of action and increased ease of use, particularly during laparoscopic operations. Effective pharmacologic agents that can reduce release of pro-inflammatory cytokines or activate peritoneal fibrinolysis are under development. Their results are encouraging but most of them are contradictory. Many modalities are being studied to reduce this risk; despite initial promising results of different measures in postoperative adhesion prevention, none of them have become standard applications. With the current state of knowledge, preclinical or clinical studies are still necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the several proposed prevention strategies for avoiding postoperative peritoneal adhesions

Ectopic pregnancy an obstetric emergency: retrospective study from medical college Ambala, Haryana, India

Background: Ectopic pregnancy remains the leading cause of maternal death in early pregnancy, the overall incidence of ectopic pregnancy is increasing but with improved diagnostic techniques and conservative management, case fatality rate has reduced. This study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence, clinical profile, associated risk factors, management and outcome of cases diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at MMIMSR Mullana, Ambala from 1st January 2014 to 31 December 2015. All women admitted with ectopic pregnancy in the gynae department were taken in the study.Results: The incidence of ectopic pregnancy in our institute was 0.97 %, mainly affecting young multiparous women, out of 36 cases 15 (41.7%) patients had risk factors previous abortion was commonest (19.4%), followed by history of infertility, tubal ligation, ectopic pregnancy, Cu T insertion. Acute abdominal pain was the commonest (94.4%) symptom 2/3 patients had tachycardia and abdominal tenderness, 10 were in shock. mild to moderate anemia present, while 17 % severely anemic, urine pregnancy test was positive in all. 5 hemodynamically stable patients given single dose intramuscular methotrexate, surgical intervention in 31 cases by either laparoscopy or laparotomy, laparoscopy in 4 patients, 1 had to be converted to laparotomy. Fallopian tubes were commonest site; Ampulla was the commonest site in tubal rupture.Conclusions: The ectopic pregnancy remains a public health issue. Timely diagnosis and transfer to higher center in hemodynamically stable state along with the use of conservative surgery or medical management can reduce morbidity and mortality

Green Finance for Sustainable Aviation: Stakeholder Perspectives and Systematic Review

Purpose: This systematic literature review aims to examine the relationship between ESG ratings, sustainability performance, and green finance in the aviation industry. The primary purpose of this study is to provide insights into the opportunities and challenges of green and sustainable finance in the aviation industry.   Theoretical framework: The study draws on the concept of green finance, which has gained significant attention in recent years. The theoretical framework of this study is based on the need for a comprehensive approach that includes policy incentives, technological innovation, and sustainable fuels to achieve sustainable aviation.   Design/methodology/approach: The study adopted the systematic literature review (SLR) method to analyse the existing literature, following three steps for research; planning the review, conducting the review, and reporting.   Findings: The study finds that sustainable finance and investment are critical in achieving sustainable aviation. The use of sustainable aviation fuel is essential, but investment is needed to scale up production and reduce costs. Stakeholder involvement in financing ESG factors and sustainability issues is crucial, with standardization, awareness, and incentives necessary to promote sustainable finance and ESG practices in the aviation industry. Green finance can support emissions reduction and promote sustainable development in aviation, but more investment and collaboration are required.   Research, Practical & Social implications: The study recommends transitioning to a low-carbon industry, with sustainable finance playing a critical role in making this transition possible. The study has practical implications for understanding the subject in the context of ESG criteria and its contribution to sustainability in the aviation industry. The originality value lies in the comprehensive analysis of the existing literature, highlighting the importance of green and sustainable finance in achieving sustainability goals. The study's social implications are significant, given the critical role aviation plays in global emissions, underscoring the need for a sustainable aviation industry.   Originality/value: The study's originality value lies in the comprehensive analysis of the existing literature, highlighting the importance of green and sustainable finance in achieving sustainability goals. It provides insights into the opportunities and challenges of green and sustainable finance in the aviation industry, making a significant contribution to the existing literature

Exploration of Earthworms of India through Online Digital Library

Online digital library (http://earthwormsofindia.com) for identification of earthworms of India has been developed for the first time. The database comprises digital keys for identification of earthworms of India, diagnostics, and mathematical parameters to provide a useful supplement for traditional morphological taxonomists and nonexperts in this area. This will scientifically broaden the taxonomic coverage of Indian earthworms. The genomic signatures with short sequences from standardized regions of the genome for 1192 specimens of earthworms were generated. Earlier, species identification of adult earthworms was possible only by dissection of the anterior end. However, this method is labor intensive, time-consuming, and very difficult for nonspecialists, particularly when dealing with field collections consisting of several different earthworm species. Furthermore, identification is limited to adult worms, as most life stages are unidentifiable and many morphological and anatomical characteristics of earthworms are variable, consequently, and the degree of variability can differ and features can overlap the taxa. The present work appears pioneer endeavor in this direction, as there appears no work available on the digitization of earthworms of India

Analysis of caesarean rate, indications and complications: review from medical college Ambala, Haryana, India

Background: Cesarean section remains the most commonly performed obstetric surgery but indications of it have been changed. Earlier it used to be done for health of the mother but now fetal interest has played a major role. The aim of the study was to find out incidence, indication of LSCS, maternofetal outcome in our rural medical college.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at MMIMSR Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India between 1st April 2015 - 30th March 2016. All women admitted for delivery in OBG department via OPD or emergency were taken in the study.Results: The total no of deliveries was 2196. There were 474 (21.6%) case of caesarean sections (LSCS). Among them 156 (32.9%) patients had elective LSCS, and 318 (67.1%) had emergency LSCS. Mean age of the study was 27.2 years. Fetal distress was the commonest indication of LSCS (25.1%) followed by pregnancy with previous LSCS. Post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) and adhesion were commonly encountered complications. Conclusions: LSCS due to maternal fetal indication is inevitable. Timely performed LSCS decrease the morbidity and mortality. Government also has taken initiative in making cesarean deliveries more acceptable and affordable to patients belonging to the rural areas

Earthworm coelomocytes as nanoscavenger of ZnO NPs

Earthworms can ‘biotransform’ or ‘biodegrade’ chemical contaminants, rendering them harmless in their bodies, and can bioaccumulate them in their tissues. They ‘absorb’ the dissolved chemicals through their moist ‘body wall’ due to the interstitial water and also ingest by ‘mouth’ while soil passes through the gut. Since the advent of the nanotechnology era, the environmental sink has been continuously receiving engineered nanomaterials as well as their derivatives. Our current understanding of the potential impact of nanomaterials and their natural scavenger is limited. In the present investigation, we studied the cellular uptake of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) by coelomocytes especially by chloragocytes of Eisenia fetida and their role as nanoscavenger. Results from exposure to 100- and 50-nm ZnO NPs indicate that coelomocytes of the earthworm E. fetida show no significant DNA damage at a dose lower than 3 mg/l and have the potential ability to uptake ZnO NPs from the soil ecosystem and transform them into microparticles